Study designs of evaluations included in the review
Studies comparing an experimental and a control group were included. It is unclear whether any of the studies are randomised, and the sources of the controls for these studies are not described. 14 of the 29 included studies were before-and-after studies, which did not use a control group.
Specific interventions included in the review
Exercise sessions. Six exercise regimens were employed in the included studies: walking, jogging, cycle ergometry, stair climbing, and a combination of walking, jogging, and cycling.
Participants included in the review
Studies were included if the mean age of the participants was greater than or equal to 60 years. This resulted in an overall mean age across all studies of 68.2 years (plus or minus 4.5 years). Overall 68% of participants were male.
Outcomes assessed in the review
Change in MOC were assessed.
How were decisions on the relevance of primary studies made?
The authors do not state how the papers were selected for the review, or how many of the authors performed the selection.