Ten studies were included in the review (n=841): four RCTs (n=815); four replicated single case studies (n=18); one single case experimental design (n=2); and one multiple baseline design (n=6). Sample sizes ranged from two to 315; six studies included a population of six or less.
All the exposure-based interventions found a significant improvement in fear beliefs and avoidance behaviours (six studies, n=26). Results were inconsistent across the studies that used CBT techniques that did not use exposure (four studies, n=815).