Fourteen studies were included in the analysis (n=495). Samples sizes ranged from 11 to 142. Overall methodological quality was considered to be moderate.
Physical functioning: Pooled data from seven trials (n=360) showed a statistically significant improvement in physical functioning as a result of the exercise intervention (SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.12). Statistically significant heterogeneity was found (p=0.045).
Health-related quality of life: Pooled data from four trials (n=292) showed a statistically significant improvement in health-related quality of life as a result of the exercise intervention (SMD -0.27, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.04). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between the trials.
Improvements were also reported for leg muscle strength, balance and walking speed following the exercise interventions. There was no improvement for depression or falls incidence.