Five case series and four case reports (n=37; 39 treatment episodes) were included in the synthesis.
Normalisation was reported in 14 of 39 episodes, but occurred quickly (in six and 12 hours) in only two cases. No consistently rapid effect was reported. One study (n=1) using lower doses of furosemide (40 to 60mg per day) did not achieve normalisation at 12 days.
Adverse outcomes were reported in three patients: one became comatose from severe hypernatremia, hypophosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis; and two patients reported episodes of severe hypomagnesemia, one with altered mental status and one with tetanic crisis.