A total of 13 studies (n=6,706 participants) were included in the review.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS: eight studies): Four studies (n=293 participants) assessed criterion validity against a diagnosis established via structured clinical interview: for GDS 30 (two studies) sensitivity ranged from 54 to 81% and specificity from 61% to 93%; and for GDS 15 (two studies, n=171 participants) sensitivity ranged from 78 to 91% and specificity from 72 to 85%. Four factor analytic studies were included (n=1,907 participants): both GDS 30 and GDS 15 captured features consistent with depression.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; three studies): No publications assessed the criterion validity of either DASS 42 or DASS 21 against a diagnosis established via structured clinical interview. Two studies assessed the factor structure of DASS 42, concluding that responses were adequately described by the three factor model where the subscales capture depression, anxiety and stress. One study assessed DASS 21 which found that data captured in DASS 21 was described by a four factor solution for depression, anxiety, stress, and general psychological distress.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist: Two studies (n=543 participants) assessed the criterion validity in community cohorts of women: sensitivity ranged from 79 to 82% and specificity from 76 to 79%. No studies assessed the factor structure of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist.