Any study of patients who had autistic spectrum disorder treated with omega-3 fatty acids and that reported at least one outcome measure (including clinical or parental observation) that addressed the core symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders (social difficulties, communication problems and repetitive or restrictive behaviours) or associated symptoms (for example sleep disturbance, gastrointestinal problems and anxiety) were eligible for inclusion. Studies that combined other interventions were not eligible, although it appeared that some included studies combined vitamin E and omega-6 supplements. Included studies comprised children and young adults (age not reported in all studies) with autism or Asperger's. Various daily doses of omega-3 were administered over a period ranging from six weeks to eight months. Outcomes were compared with placebo in the randomised controlled trial (RCT); these outcomes were irritability, social withdrawal, sterotypy, hyperactivity and inappropriate speech. Outcome measures included Aberrant Behaviour Checklist, Rossago Behavioural Checklist, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills, and unstructured parental and clinician reports. Adverse medication effects were reported.
Two independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion.