Outcome results for the patients from the renal transplant unit and the urology outpatients' department were, respectively: a 90% and 96% sensitivity, 85% and 86% specificity, 52% and 50% PPV, 98% and 99% NPV. Combined rapid testing (CRT) diagnosed UTI in 25% mid-stream urine (MSU) of the urology outpatient sample and 26% of the renal transplant samples' MSU, while the corresponding laboratory results were 12.5% and 13.5% respectively. 50% of all CRT diagnosed UTI were false positives in both patient groups. However 75% of total MSU can be excluded from further laboratory analysis. No p-values or 95% confidence intervals were given.