Based on masked evaluation, mean time to progression of CMV retinitis was 62 days with IV ganciclovir and 57 days with oral ganciclovir (P=0.635: relative risk, 1.08). Based on unmasked funduscopic evaluation, mean time to progression of CMV retinitis was 96 days in the IV treatment group and 68 days in the oral treatment group (P=0.027: relative risk, 1.68). Mean survival was estimated to be 13 months for both groups. Adverse events were more common in patients receiving IV ganciclovir than with the oral ganciclovir treatment option.