Clinical effectiveness was evaluated in terms of various maternal and neonatal outcomes: total maternal weight gained, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, rate of fetal macrosomia (defined as birth weight > 4,000gm), 5-minute Apgar scores, mode of delivery, percentage of patients undergoing induction of labour, maternal and neonatal length of stay, percentage of neonates requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, rate of shoulder dystocia, and perinatal mortality). Groups were comparable in baseline maternal demographic factors.