Although many factors are associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, it is not possible to formulate accurate, clinically useful predictions concerning patients' prognoses. Hence, ongoing clinical monitoring is necessary for many patients. Several conservative therapies utilised for the management of acute exacerbation show benefit (antibiotics, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators); however, some therapies lack evidence of efficacy (mucolytics and physical therapy). The more aggressive strategy of NPPV benefits some patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure.