There is no clear evidence to demonstrate the greater efficacy of any of the clinically meaningful interventions reviewed compared to any of the others. It would seem sensible, therefore that, other things being equal, the least expensive drug regimens be used in the first instance. There is a need for large, good quality RCTs, adequately powered to detect small effect sizes, to establish whether any of the recommended antibiotic regimens are relatively more effective than any of the others. There is also a need to improve the diagnosis and management of PID in primary care.