Upon the completion of this systematic literature review, we observe that this is a topic of recent interest. The scientifi c data available at this time are of low quality, and the level of evidence does not enable one to build a strong case for the efficacy of this treatment modality in managing autistic disorder. The five ongoing studies identified are examining this matter from different perspectives. However, the differences in the HBO protocols and the small patient samples raise questions and foreshadow mixed results, which could compromise these studies- validity. In these circumstances, a literature watch should be conducted to evaluate the results of these studies as soon as they are published. In short, for the management of autism, hyperbaric oxygen therapy should, for now, be considered an experimental treatment modality. Consequently, in Quwbec, it should be limited to formal research projects.