There is scientific evidence that newborn screening, using either otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and automated auditory brainstem Response (aABR), results in earlier detection of congenital hearing impairment and commencement of habilitation (Evidence grade 2). Limited evidence exists that earlier detection and commencement of habilitation promotes improved communication and language development in the child (Evidence grade 3). The evidence is satisfactory with respect to costs per case detected but insufficient when it comes to the methods cost effectiveness.