Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV were eligible. Prospective observational studies were eligible for adverse event data. Post-exposure prophylaxis was an antiretroviral drug regimen administered for up to 28 days to HIV-negative people who may have been exposed to HIV through sexual contact, use of a potentially contaminated needle, or exposure to potentially contaminated biological fluid. Eligible comparators were no prophylaxis or a different prophylaxis regimen. Outcomes of interest were HIV seroconversion frequency (primary outcome), adverse effects of prophylaxis, adherence to treatment, health-related quality of life, and costs or cost-effectiveness.
The only study included for clinical effectiveness evaluated a 28-day course of a fixed-dose combination of zidovudine and lamivudine.
Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus, with arbitration by a third reviewer if necessary.