Three randomised controlled trials, one crossover study and one randomised crossover study were included. Sample size (sparsely reported) ranged from 42 to 98 participants. The authors stated that there were methodological limitations across the studies, largely a lack of intervention provider blinding (results were not reported). Follow-up ranged from 12 to 30 months.
Study results were not reported.
The authors stated: "All the included studies reported some degree of success. There is some evidence to suggest that custom-made devices may help in reducing rear foot pain in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Custom-prescriptions and over-the-counter devices appear to be equally effective. Custom prescription devices with a met dome are considered to be safe, and this may also apply to over-the-counter devices."