Seven studies were included in the review (number of participants not reported). Four were randomised controlled trials, two were quasi-experimental studies, and one was a randomised clinical trial without a true control group (this trial compared land-based versus water-based exercise). Studies were rated as being of fair (five studies) or high quality (two studies). Where reported, follow-up ranged from one week to 12 months after giving birth.
Five of seven studies reported significant reductions in the intensity or presence of pain with the intervention, compared with control. Other intervention benefits included decreased lordosis (curvature of the spine; one study), fewer days of sick leave (two studies), decreased general discomfort (one study), and improved mobility (one study).
One study reported a significant decrease in low back pain with water-based exercise, compared with land-based exercise, but no difference in pelvic girdle pain. None of the exercise interventions were found to adversely affect the pregnant women or their foetuses. Further results were reported.