A total of 26 studies (n=unclear) were included in the review.
Depression: Sixteen studies evaluated seven different assessment tools for depression, which included Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sensitivity ranged from 70% to 100% and specificity from 53% to 98%. Positive likelihood ratios ranged from 1.91 to 38.5. Negative likelihood ratios ranged from 0.05 to 0.37.
Dementia: One study evaluated the Dementia Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (DDSQ) and reported positive likelihood ratios of 18.41 to 85.70 and negative likelihood ratios of 0.03 to 0.25 for a variety of dementias. DDSQ was highly specific, but sensitivity varied between conditions. A second study reported a positive likelihood ratio of 2.16 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.48 for the Clock Completion Test for detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Nutrition and oral health: One study reported high correlation, but high variability in the agreement between self-reported and nurse-measured weight. One study reported modest agreement between a self-report questionnaire and a diet history interview. Three studies evaluated oral health questionnaires with inconsistent results.
Osteoporosis: Three studies evaluated self-assessment of osteoporosis tools. Reported sensitivities ranged from 62% to 93% and reported specificities ranged from 40% to 66%.
Endocrine disorders: One study evaluated home self-testing for post-prandial gycosuria (sn 89%, sp 67%, +LR 2.7, -LR 0.16) and a second evaluated a testosterone deficiency questionnaire (sn 76%, sp 49%, +LR 1.5, -LR 0.50).
Hearing: Five studies evaluated the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening questionnaire. Three used a threshold score of ≤10 (sn 63% to 81%, sp 67 to 75%, +LR 1.8 to 2.52, -LR 0.26 to 0.49). Other thresholds were evaluated in the other studies.
Vision: One study reported the accuracy of vision self-assessment questionnaire (sn 40%, sp 94%, +LR 6.93, -LR 0.63).
Mobility: One study evaluated the Mobility Control Subscale of the short version of the Sickness Impact Profile (sn 91%, sp 59%, +LR 2.2, -LR 0.15)
General health care: Five studies evaluated five different general health postal questionnaires (sn 51% to 95%, sp 23% to 98%, +LR 1.1 to 26.0, -LR 0.07 to 0.65)