Six studies were included in the review (n=277, range 10 to 101): four RCTs (n=252) and two prospective cohort studies (n=25). The mean PEDro score was 6.2 (range 4 to 10). Duration of follow-up ranged from two to 52 weeks
At all three follow-up periods following orthotic intervention there were significant reductions in pain (six studies) and significant increases in function (three studies).
Pain: short-term (Z=24.1%, 95% CI 19.7 to 28.5); medium-term (Z=15.2%, 95% CI 11.8 to 28.5); and long-term (Z=37.0%, 95% CI 32.3 to 41.9).
Function: short-term (Z=21.9%, 95% CI 16.0 to 27.9); medium-term (Z=15.9%, 95% CI 11.2 to 20.7); and long-term (Z=23.8%, 95% CI 18.9 to 28.7).