In terms of the early postoperative results:
there were no postoperative leaks, no wound infections and no postoperative deaths in the HALS group, and the LOS was 3.6 (+/- 1.3) days;
there was one postoperative leak, no wound infections and no postoperative deaths in the open GB group, and the LOS was 4.2 (+/- 4.6) days.
In terms of the long-term postoperative results:
in the HALS group, the EWL was 66% (+/- 14), there was one SBO, 16% of patients developed marginal ulcer, 24% developed stomal stenosis and 20% developed hernia;
in the open GB group, the EWL was 77% (+/- 14), there was one SBO, 14.5% of patients developed marginal ulcer, 23% developed stomal stenosis and 27% developed hernia.
These results were presented as the mean plus or minus (+/-) the standard deviation. The p-values for the effectiveness results were reported to be non significant.