The relative diagnostic accuracy of non-nuclear (MSCT and CMRI) and nuclear imaging techniques (PET and SPECT) in cardiac indications remains largely unknown. As such, it is not clear if non-nuclear imaging techniques would be suitable alternatives in the event of a radioisotope shortage. That said, the evidence suggests that MSCT and CMRI are adequate, less invasive alternatives to CCA in the detection of CAD in high risk populations. It is not clear, however, how these imaging techniques would perform in populations at lower risk of CAD or in other cardiac indications. Moreover, there are potential patient-specific barriers to MSCT and CMRI such as comorbidities and contraindications to the technologies or medications that are part of the imaging protocols. Further, associated training and infrastructure costs may limit the routine use and geographic availability of MSCT and CMRI.