Retinoblastoma is a rapidly developing cancer that arises in the retina of the eye. In children it is the most common primary tumor of the eye. The estimated annual incidence in the United States is approximately 4 per 1 million children < 15 years of age. Primary treatment of advanced retinoblastoma involves systemic chemotherapy and a combination of focal consolidative therapies resulting in a 5-year disease-free survival rate of more than 93% in children younger than 5 years. However, systemic chemotherapy is associated with serious side effects. Novel ways of delivering chemotherapy locally to the eye while minimizing systemic exposure have been developed.